This category focuses on the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, including its structure, definitions, offences, and the key changes introduced in India’s substantive criminal law framework.
Articles in this section draw from my criminal law practice and legal research. I cover offence-wise analysis, interpretative issues, comparisons with the IPC, practical implications for investigation and trial, and emerging questions likely to shape litigation under BNS.
Section-237 of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of IPC-Indian Penal Code. Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Indian Penal Code, 1860 (corresponding section) 237. Whoever corruptly uses or attempts to use as true any such declaration, knowing the same to be false … Read more
Section-236 of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of IPC-Indian Penal Code. Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Indian Penal Code, 1860 (corresponding section) 236. Whoever, in any declaration made or subscribed by him, which declaration any Court or any public … Read more
Section-235 of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Using as true a certificate known to be false – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of IPC-Indian Penal Code. Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Indian Penal Code, 1860 (corresponding section) 235. Whoever corruptly uses or attempts to use any such certificate as a true certificate, knowing the same to be … Read more
Section-234 of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Issuing or signing false certificate – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of IPC-Indian Penal Code. Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Indian Penal Code, 1860 (corresponding section) 234. Whoever issues or signs any certificate required by law to be given or signed, or relating to any fact of which such certificate … Read more
Section-233 of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Using evidence known to be false – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of IPC-Indian Penal Code. Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Indian Penal Code, 1860 (corresponding section) 233. Whoever corruptly uses or attempts to use as true or genuine evidence any evidence which he knows to be false or fabricated, … Read more
Section-232 of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Threatening any person to give false evidence – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of IPC-Indian Penal Code. Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Indian Penal Code, 1860 (corresponding section) 232. (1) Whoever threatens another with any injury to his person, reputation or property or to the person or reputation of any … Read more
Section-231 of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of IPC-Indian Penal Code. Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Indian Penal Code, 1860 (corresponding section) 231. Whoever gives or fabricates false evidence intending thereby to … Read more
Section-230 of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of IPC-Indian Penal Code. Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Indian Penal Code, 1860 (corresponding section) 230. (1) Whoever gives or fabricates false evidence, intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to … Read more
Section-229 of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Punishment for false evidence – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of IPC-Indian Penal Code. Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Indian Penal Code, 1860 (corresponding section) 229. (1) Whoever intentionally gives false evidence in any stage of a judicial proceeding, or fabricates false evidence for the purpose of being used in … Read more
Section-228 of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Fabricating false evidence – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of IPC-Indian Penal Code. Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Indian Penal Code, 1860 (corresponding section) 228. Whoever causes any circumstance to exist or makses any false entry in any book or record, or electronic record or makes any document or electronic … Read more
Section-227 of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Giving false evidence – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of IPC-Indian Penal Code. Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Indian Penal Code, 1860 (corresponding section) 227. Whoever, being legally bound by an oath or by an express provision of law to state the truth, or being bound by law to make … Read more
Section-226 of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restraint exercise of lawful power – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of IPC-Indian Penal Code. Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Indian Penal Code, 1860 (corresponding section) 226. Whoever attempts to commit suicide with the intent to compel or restrain any public servant from … Read more