This category focuses on substantive and procedural criminal law, including offences, defences, investigation, trial, and appellate remedies under various criminal statutes.
Articles in this section draw from my litigation experience and legal research. I cover bail and quashing, evidence and procedure, investigation lapses, trial strategy, sentencing trends, and practical approaches to criminal litigation before trial courts, High Courts, and the Supreme Court.
Introduction The Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), which has replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC), reorganises several procedural safeguards in criminal law. One of its most crucial provisions is Section 35(3), the modern equivalent of Section 41A of the CrPC. It represents India’s continuing effort to strike a balance between effective policing … Read more
The article stipulates the concepts and procedure of statuory default bail where the police is not able to file chargesheet within prescribed time of investigation and accused is in jail.
Introduction The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in Pradeep Kumar Kesarwani v. State of U.P. & Anr. Criminal Appeal No. 3831 of 2025 (@ SLP (Crl.) No. 11642 of 2019), decided on 02 September 2025 has reiterated the powers of the High Courts to quash criminal cases and also the four-step test to analyse whether … Read more
n a significant ruling that reinforces the constitutional limits on investigative methods, the Supreme Court of India in 2025 held that narco-analysis tests cannot be conducted without the voluntary and informed consent of the accused. The judgment revisits the foundational principles laid down in Selvi v. State of Karnataka, reiterating that forced narco tests violate Articles 20(3) and 21 of the Constitution. This article examines the legal background, the facts of the case, the Court’s reasoning, and the broader implications for criminal law and forensic practices in India.
Click here to Download the Word File & PDF File of the Comparative table of Sections between Indian Penal Code, 1860 and Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Indian Penal Code, 1860 Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Sec# Title of Section Sec.# Title of Section 1 Title and extent of operation of the Code 1 Short title, commencement … Read more
Click here to Download the PDF File or Word file of this Article (Quashing of Criminal Proceedings in Absence of Expert Evidence) Introduction Recently the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in Suresh & Ors versus State of Madhya Pradesh – { 2023 INSC 102} Criminal Appeal No. 3512 OF 2023 by judgment dated 24.11.2023 quashed an FIR, chargesheet and the criminal proceeding on the ground … Read more
A full bench (3 judges) of the Hon’ble Supreme Court vide its order dated 25.10.2021 in Criminal Appeal No. 1393 OF 2011 Ramawatarv State of Madhya Pradesh found it appropriate to invoke our powers under Article 142 of the Constitution and quash the criminal proceedings under Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities … Read more
CASE: Criminal Appeal No.1209 Of 2021: Prem Shankar Prasad Versus The State Of Bihar & Anr. Judgment Date: 21.10.2021 COURT: Supreme Court of India Relevant Extracts: Despite the above observations on merits and despite the fact that it was brought to the notice of the High Court that respondent No.2 -accused is absconding and even … Read more
CENTRAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION Central Bureau of Investigation is one of the most premier investigation agencies in the country and is the most trustworthy of all the agencies out there. Starting as an agency established under the Special Police Establishment (SPE) in 1941 by the then Govt. of India, it has come … Read more
Introduction A victim of crime can set the Criminal Justice System into motion either by registering a First Information Report before the jurisdictional Police Station or by filing a complaint case before a Judicial Magistrate. In case an FIR has been registered then the police or the investigating agency files a report to the Magistrate … Read more
What is anticipatory bail? To understand Anticipatory Bail, we may first try to understand the concept of Bail in general. A Bail is a legal guarantee by a person, who is accused of committing any offence which is punishable by imprisonment, for participating in the investigation and facing the trial before the court by making … Read more
The answer to this question is in the affirmative. With the growing use of technology, there is an escalating operation of online websites, documents and digital signatures. Even all the banking transactions can take place comfortably in your hand through mobile phone or laptops. This has caused a sweeping increase in fraud and forgery cases … Read more