BNSS, 2023

This category gives the bare text of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. It places each BNSS section beside the matching CrPC provision. The comparison table shows every change in a clear way.

You then get detailed commentary on the section. The notes explain the reform and its impact. They show how preventive steps are taken, investigation, arrest, bail,  trial and appeals now work under the new law. At places I have tried to point out important timelines and safeguards.

Each article brings in case law. It cites recent Supreme Court judgments.
The commentary explains how the Court reads the provision highlighting major trends in criminal procedure. It sets out the settled position of law in simple terms.

A practitioner’s guide follows. It gives useful steps for lawyers, litigant and students. In some articles I have flagged common mistakes. I have also tried to suggest practical best practices wherever I have had personally dealt with cases touching concerned provision. .

FAQs appear at the end. They answer frequent questions in plain language.
The aim is to help readers understand, compare and use every BNSS section with ease. An informed citizenry can fast track the system.

Section-13 BNSS – Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 & equivalent Cr.P.C. Section

Section-13 of Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: Subordination of Judicial Magistrate – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of Cr.P.C.-Criminal Procedure Code. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (corresponding section) 13. (1) Every Chief Judicial Magistrate shall be subordinate to the Sessions Judge; and every other Judicial Magistrate shall, subject to the … Read more

Section-12 BNSS – Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 & equivalent Cr.P.C. Section

Section-12 of Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: Local jurisdiction of Judicial Magistrate – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of Cr.P.C.-Criminal Procedure Code. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (corresponding section) 12. (1) Subject to the control of the High Court, the Chief Judicial Magistrate may, from time to time, define the … Read more

Section-11 BNSS – Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 & equivalent Cr.P.C. Section

Section-11 of Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: Special Judicial Magistrates – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of Cr.P.C.-Criminal Procedure Code. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (corresponding section) 11. (1) The High Court may, if requested by the Central or State Government so to do, confer upon any person who holds … Read more

Section-10 BNSS – Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 & equivalent Cr.P.C. Section

Section-10 of Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: Chief Judicial Magistrates and Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, etc. – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of Cr.P.C.-Criminal Procedure Code. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (corresponding section) 10. (1) In every district, the High Court shall appoint a Judicial Magistrate of the first class … Read more

Section-9 BNSS – Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 & equivalent Cr.P.C. Section

Section-9 of Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: Courts of Judicial Magistrates – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of Cr.P.C.-Criminal Procedure Code. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (corresponding section) 9. (1) In every district there shall be established as many Courts of Judicial Magistrates of the first class and of the … Read more

Section-8 BNSS – Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 & equivalent Cr.P.C. Section

Section-8 of Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: Court of Session – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of Cr.P.C.-Criminal Procedure Code. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (corresponding section) 8. (1) The State Government shall establish a Court of Session for every sessions division.   (2) Every Court of Session shall be … Read more

Section-7 BNSS – Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 & equivalent Cr.P.C. Section

Section-7 of Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: Territorial divisions – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of Cr.P.C.-Criminal Procedure Code. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (corresponding section) 7. (1) Every State shall be a sessions division or shall consist of sessions divisions; and every sessions divisions shall, for the purposes of … Read more

Section-6 BNSS – Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 & equivalent Cr.P.C. Section

Section-6 of Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: Classes of Criminal Courts – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of Cr.P.C.-Criminal Procedure Code. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (corresponding section) 6. Besides the High Courts and the Courts constituted under any law, other than this Sanhita, there shall be, in every State, … Read more

Section-5 BNSS – Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 & equivalent Cr.P.C. Section

Section-5 of Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: Saving – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of Cr.P.C.-Criminal Procedure Code. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (corresponding section) 5. Nothing contained in this Sanhita shall, in the absence of a specific provision to the contrary, affect any special or local law for the … Read more

Section-4 BNSS – Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 & equivalent Cr.P.C. Section

Section-4 of Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: Trial of offences under Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 and other laws – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of Cr.P.C.-Criminal Procedure Code. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (corresponding section) 4. (1) All offences under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 shall be investigated, inquired into, … Read more

Section-3 BNSS – Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 & equivalent Cr.P.C. Section

Section-3 of Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: Construction of references – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of Cr.P.C.-Criminal Procedure Code. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (corresponding section) 3. (1) Unless the context otherwise requires, any reference in any existing law, to a Magistrate, Magistrate of the first class or a … Read more

Section-2 BNSS – Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 & equivalent Cr.P.C. Section

Section-2 of Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: Definitions – with corresponding and equivalent Sections of Cr.P.C.-Criminal Procedure Code. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (corresponding section) 2. (1) In this Sanhita, unless the context otherwise requires,—   (a) “audio-video electronic” means shall include use of any communication device for the purposes … Read more